INTRODUCTION: News Release No.2, Part 1. reported how a gigantic rectilinear, compartmentalised geoglyph located in the highlands near Palpa, southern Peru, was designed and ‘constructed’ incorporating a linear scale of measurement derived from solsticial and lunar extrema.Here in Part 2 we consider the spherical trigonometry of the Geometriglyph.

In the absence of a written record we are unlikely to discover if the Geometriglyph was constructed primarily from a rectilinear form containing inclusive ‘stone circles’ , or visa versa. We know from News Release No.3. Zig-Zag Geoglyphs of Nasca that solsticial and lunar phenomena were converted into a linear geoglyphic configuration, perhaps, for calendric, ritual or water flow prediction.

The Geometriglyph figural encloses a central, intermediate and outer inclusive circle.
Without a full site survey there is insufficient information to conduct an analysis of the two inner circles, however, in the authors opinion, they might act as a ‘vernier’ in conjunction with the outer circle to fine tune solsticial and lunar cycles and track celestial targets like the Pleiades or the planet Venus .

It is,of course, well documented how a primitive society ‘drew’ a ground circle using the peg and cord principle.If the rectilinear form was created firstly, then the dimensions of the outer circle were already set, but whichever came first , the rectilinear form, the circle or a hybrid - begs the question - how did a preliterate society obtain the knowledge to achieve the essential relationship between the linear form, the circle and celestial extrema in the correct ( mathematical ) ratios ?

In Part 1, we had already discovered the linear scale of measurement used to construct the framework , it was logical therefore that some equivalent ‘rod length’ might well be chosen to mark the outer circle in equi-distant increments .An aerial photograph ( Copyright/ Erich von Daniken) indicates the outer circle comprises of 66 markers equi-spaced around its periphery.A simple calculation established that the angular increments between each set of stones was 5.4545°; this, of course, is precisely one of the linear units of measurement.

Naturally, therefore, multiples of this unit plot the exact positions of the 66 ‘Stations’ around the periphery; Viz : Station 1 = 5.45°; Station 2 = 10.9°; Station 3 = 16.35° ; Station 11 = 59.99°; Station 52 = 284°....and so on up to Station 66 = 360°. Here was evidence that both linear and spherical units of measurement had a common factor - for which we coined the term: the Celestial Constant .

The acid test of analytical efficiency, is to test the Geometriglyph against independent figures taken from a professionally conducted on-site survey. In this respect we used azimuthal alignment figures tabulated in Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society ,Vol. 183. Edited by Professor A.F. Aveni. ( Table 3, Pages 76 - 80 ). Below are tabulated just a scan of the results to prove the point.

Station No.	Angle	Line Centre	Line	Azimuth
1	5.45	44	32	5.30
8	43.6	35	3	43.2
20	109	35	36	109.3
36	196.2	30	2	196.04
38	207.1	21	4	207.5
45	245.25	44	3	245.27
50	272.5	44	6	272.16
58	316.1	44	29	316.00
60	327.27	44	10	327.58
64	349.08	44	15	349.07
66	0	23	4	0

Almost exact azimuthal pairings were achieved for all 66 Stations with MAPS. Vol. 183 tabulations. ( Figures quoted to two places of decimals does not infer mathematical competance but indicates that the constructors of the Geometriglyph were capable of working to a high degree of accuracy) .

To further check the validity of the ‘Stations’ a comparison was made with additional documented sources:

a) The Schematic Diagram of the Ceques Lines of Cusco .( Zuidema R.T. “Native American Astronomy“. ed. A.Aveni (Austin University of Texas Press, 1977 )
Figure 1 schematic shows just how closely the Geometriglyph stations mirror the symmetrically disposed Ceques perceived by Professor R.T.Zuidema.

As a cross-check the Geometriglyph was compared with a “Map of the Valley of Cusco with some of the Ceques delineated” ( Zuidema 1982b ) . 12 alignments out of a possible 24 projected by Zuidema were virtually in exact agreement with the Geometriglyph. (Zuidema R.T.,1982b “Catachillay:The Role of the Pleiades and Southern Cross and Alpha and Beta Centauri in the Calendar of the Incas” in Ethnoastronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the American Tropics,ed.A. Aveni and G.Urton.pp 203 - 230. New York. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,385.

b) Plan of the Lines of Nasca. (Reiche. Mystery on the Desert. Self-published. 1968).
The Geometriglyph Station positions were compared with this general plan of the Nasca Lines produced by Dr Reiche in 1956. Out of a total of over 60 lines , 34 gave exact alignment pairings with Stations on the Geometriglyph. The remainding lines were not considered viable as test material.

CONCLUSION: There is no doubt in the authors mind that the Geometriglyph will in time rank as one of the worlds’ most important geoglyphic structures.Hidden within its gigantic but relatively simplistic hybrid form resides a storehouse of latent knowledge awaiting the enquiring mind of the astronomer, the mathematician and, most importantly, the anthropologist.

Part 1 revealed that the preliterate precolumbian populace did indeed have a linear scale of units. In Part 2 , we discovered that this linear measuring system was exquisitely manipulated whereby the same unit values were adapted for spherical trigonometry .

N.D.I.P. research has so far provided substantial evidence that the Geometriglyph could well have been the mainframe device to co-ordinate preliminary planning and setting out of both the Nasca Lines complex and the Ceques of Cusco. In next month’s Part 3 we will explain how Line Centres ( after Aveni) are, in fact, satellites of the Mainframe Geometriglyph, each having its own independent function within the Nasca Lines palimpsest.

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